1. Territoriality:
a) Birds: Many bird species exhibit territorial behavior during courtship. For example, male birds often establish and defend territories to attract females for mating. They may engage in vocal displays, aggressive behaviors, or visual displays to protect their territory from rival males.
b) Fish: Some fish species display territorial behavior during courtship. Male fish may establish and defend specific areas, such as nesting sites or territories containing potential mates. They may engage in aggressive displays or territorial marking to deter other males from entering their space.
c) Mammals: Various mammal species also exhibit territorial behavior during courtship. For instance, male big cats like lions and tigers mark their territory through scent marking, vocalizations, and physical displays to assert their dominance and attract females.
2. Pairing:
a) Penguins: Many species of penguins exhibit pairing behavior during courtship. They form monogamous pairs and engage in elaborate courtship rituals, including synchronized displays, vocalizations, and presenting gifts (like pebbles) to their potential mates.
b) Swans: Swans are well-known for their pairing behavior. They typically form long-term monogamous bonds and engage in synchronized swimming and elaborate displays, such as head and neck movements, to strengthen their pair bond and attract mates.
c) Wolves: Wolves are social animals that often form pair bonds during courtship. They engage in behaviors such as nuzzling, grooming, and mutual care to strengthen their bond. These behaviors help establish and maintain a stable partnership within a wolf pack.
Please note that while these examples highlight common courtship behaviors observed in certain animal species, courtship behavior can vary across individuals within a species and may be influenced by various factors such as habitat, mating systems, and evolutionary adaptations.