Answer:
1. By choosing to serve a sentence at Parchman Farm rather than pay a fine, the Freedom Riders illustrated their commitment to the cause of desegregation and their willingness to endure hardship and sacrifice in pursuit of their goals. It also showed their refusal to comply with unjust laws and their belief in the power of civil disobedience to effect change.
2. The Washington Post labelled the ICC decision a "Robert Kennedy victory" because as Attorney General at the time, Kennedy had pressed for the ICC to enforce integration on interstate bus travel and had sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders. The decision was seen as a significant victory for the civil rights movement and for Kennedy's efforts to promote integration.
3. The story of the Freedom Riders suggests that citizens can play a critical role in shaping democracy by holding their government accountable for upholding constitutional rights, by challenging unjust laws and practices, and by mobilizing public opinion to support social change. The Freedom Riders' actions helped to expose the systematic discrimination faced by African Americans in the South and helped to galvanize national support for civil rights.
4. Gandhi's example was inspirational to African Americans because his philosophy of nonviolent resistance provided a powerful tool for challenging systemic injustice and oppression. Gandhi's ideas influenced the civil rights movement in the United States and helped to shape the strategies and tactics used by the Freedom Riders and other activists.
5. The nonviolent approach was successful because it allowed protestors to demonstrate their commitment to justice and equality without resorting to violence or confrontation. Nonviolence also had a powerful moral and psychological impact, exposing the injustice and cruelty of segregation while maintaining the moral high ground.
6. The NAACP and CORE had different strategies for promoting civil rights. The NAACP focused on legal challenges to segregation and discrimination, while CORE advocated direct action and civil disobedience. Both groups contributed to the struggle for civil rights, but their approaches reflected different beliefs about the most effective ways to achieve change.
7. Training in nonviolent direct action was required to ensure that protestors understood the principles and tactics of nonviolence and were able to maintain their composure and discipline in the face of provocation and violence. Nonviolent resistance required a high level of discipline and commitment, and proper training was essential for its success.
8. The Freedom Rides and court decisions both played important roles in ending illegal discrimination. The Freedom Rides helped to expose and challenge segregation in a highly visible and dramatic way, while court decisions provided a legal framework for ending segregation and discrimination. Both approaches were necessary to achieve lasting change, and their success depended on the support and involvement of citizens who were committed to justice and equality.
Step-by-step explanation: