In chapter 4 of Animal Farm, there are several events, animals, and people that can be interpreted as representations of real-world revolutions. Here are three examples:
1. The Battle of the Cowshed: In the novel, the Battle of the Cowshed represents the defense of Animal Farm against Mr. Jones and his men. This event can be seen as a representation of a revolution's initial struggle against the ruling power. It parallels historical events like the Russian Revolution's October Revolution in 1917, where the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government. The Battle of the Cowshed symbolizes the determination and resistance of the oppressed animals against their human oppressors.
2. Snowball and Napoleon's rivalry: Snowball and Napoleon, two prominent pigs in Animal Farm, represent real-world figures in revolutions. Snowball can be seen as a representation of Leon Trotsky, a key figure in the Russian Revolution. Trotsky advocated for worldwide revolution and the spread of communism. Similarly, Snowball is depicted as an intelligent and idealistic pig with plans for improving the farm. On the other hand, Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, who emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union after Trotsky's exile. Napoleon gradually consolidates his power, uses propaganda, and takes control over the farm, much like Stalin did in the real world.
3. The manipulation of the commandments: In Animal Farm, the Seven Commandments initially represent the principles of Animalism and the ideals of the revolution. However, as the story progresses, the pigs modify and manipulate the commandments to suit their own interests. This manipulation can be seen as an allegory for the distortion and betrayal of revolutionary principles in real-world revolutions. It reflects how leaders in revolutions often deviate from the original goals and use their power to serve their personal ambitions, just as the pigs in Animal Farm gradually change the commandments to justify their actions.
These examples illustrate how George Orwell uses the events, characters, and concepts in Animal Farm to symbolize larger themes and historical events in real-world revolutions. By drawing parallels to historical contexts, Orwell provides a critical commentary on the corrupting nature of power and the challenges faced by revolutionary movements.