6: The frustrating aspects of living under British rule for most Indians were primarily related to options C and D.
C. Indians were prohibited from purchasing salt from the British. This refers to the Salt March, a significant event during India's struggle for independence led by Mahatma Gandhi. The British imposed a heavy tax on salt production and maintained a monopoly over its manufacture, making it difficult for Indians to access salt, which was a crucial commodity for daily life. The Salt March was a form of nonviolent protest against this oppressive policy.
D. The British did not respect Indian religion and customs. This refers to the cultural and religious suppression imposed by the British colonial authorities. British rule often marginalized Indian customs, traditions, and religions, which led to resentment and frustration among the Indian population. The British implemented policies that disregarded Indian cultural practices, disrupted social structures, and undermined religious beliefs, further fueling discontent and resistance.
While options A and B touch on issues related to equality and fair trials, these were not the primary sources of frustration for most Indians under British rule.
7: B. Russia's involvement in World War I was a significant cause of both revolutions in 1917. The First World War had a profound impact on Russia, both economically and socially. The war brought immense suffering to the Russian people, with millions of soldiers losing their lives and the country facing severe shortages of food and essential supplies. The strain of the war exacerbated existing grievances and created a sense of disillusionment and discontent among the Russian population. The hardships faced during the war played a crucial role in fueling the revolutionary sentiment and providing a catalyst for the subsequent revolutions in 1917.
8: A. The February (March) Revolution resulted in the tsar's resignation at the advice of others. The February Revolution of 1917 marked the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II and the end of the Romanov dynasty. It was triggered by a series of protests, strikes, and mutinies in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), primarily driven by food shortages, deteriorating living conditions, and the discontentment of workers and soldiers. The tsar abdicated the throne following the advice of his generals and other influential figures who believed it was necessary to prevent further unrest and preserve stability.
9: A. Women played a crucial role in the war effort during World War I by working in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies. With a large number of men serving in the military, women took on jobs traditionally held by men in factories, munitions plants, and other industries. They played a vital role in supporting the war effort by producing essential goods and supplies necessary for the military. This significant contribution of women to the war effort helped pave the way for increased recognition and advancements in women's rights in subsequent years.
10: C. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because they did not want the U.S. to be obligated to fight in future wars. The Treaty of Versailles, which formally ended World War I, included the establishment of the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at maintaining peace and preventing future conflicts. However, many senators in the United States were concerned that membership in the League of Nations would compromise U.S. sovereignty and entangle the country in foreign disputes. They feared that joining the League would lead to future military obligations and limit the nation's ability to act independently in matters of national interest. As a result, the Senate rejected the ratification of the treaty and the United States did not become a member of the League of Nations.