Answer:
The two principal structures of computer networks are:
1. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): In a P2P network, all devices function as both clients and servers and can communicate with one another without a central server. This means that all devices are equal and there is no hierarchy. Each device on the network can share resources directly with other devices on the network, such as files, printers, and data. P2P networks are relatively easy to set up and require minimal resources. They are ideal for small networks and do not require specialized network hardware or software.
Advantages:
- Easy to set up and maintain
- No central server means no single point of failure
- Minimal resource requirements
- Fewer security issues
Disadvantages:
- Limited scalability
- Lack of centralized control
- Difficult to manage and control access to shared resources
2. Client-Server Network: In a client-server network, there are two types of devices: the client devices (such as desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones) and the server devices (such as dedicated servers or cloud-based servers). Client devices send requests to the server devices, which then respond to those requests. The server devices are responsible for providing services and resources and for controlling access to those resources.
Advantages:
- Scalability, as more clients can be added without impacting network performance
- Easy to manage and secure resources
- Centralized control over the network
- Allows for the use of specialized hardware and software
Disadvantages:
- Higher resource requirements
- Higher complexity of set up and maintenance
- Central server is a single point of failure that can affect the entire network
- Requires specialized hardware and software which can be costly.