c. Alternative for Germany (AfD) is an extreme right-wing party that has incorporated aspects of Nazi ideology and anti-immigrant xenophobia to win seats in both the German and European Union Parliament. The AfD was founded in 2013 and has gained popularity by capitalizing on anti-immigrant sentiments and criticizing the European Union. It has been accused of promoting far-right nationalism and challenging the democratic values and institutions in Germany. Its success in recent elections has raised concerns about the rise of right-wing extremism in German politics.