Answer:
Shulman (1986) identified several core types of teacher knowledge, which are commonly referred to as "pedagogical content knowledge" (PCK).
Listed below:
1. Content Knowledge (CK)
2. Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
3. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
4. Curricular Knowledge (CuK)
5. Knowledge of Learners and Learning (KL)
Step-by-step explanation:
Content Knowledge (CK): Content knowledge refers to a teacher's understanding of the subject matter they are teaching. It includes both factual knowledge and conceptual understanding of the content. Teachers need to have a deep and accurate knowledge of the subject they teach to effectively convey information to students.
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK): Pedagogical knowledge involves understanding how to teach and manage a classroom effectively. It includes knowledge of instructional strategies, assessment techniques, classroom management skills, and understanding students' learning needs and abilities. Pedagogical knowledge focuses on the art and science of teaching itself.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK): Pedagogical content knowledge is the integration of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. It involves knowing how to teach specific subject matter effectively. PCK encompasses the ability to represent the content in ways that are accessible and meaningful to students, anticipate students' misconceptions or difficulties, and design appropriate instructional activities and assessments.
Curricular Knowledge (CuK): Curricular knowledge involves understanding the curriculum and its organization within a particular educational context. It includes knowledge of curriculum standards, learning objectives, sequencing of content, and the overall structure and scope of the curriculum.
Knowledge of Learners and Learning (KL): Knowledge of learners and learning refers to understanding how students learn, develop, and vary in their abilities, interests, and backgrounds. It involves recognizing individual differences, cultural influences, and developmental factors that can impact learning. This knowledge helps teachers tailor instruction to meet the diverse needs of their students.
Shulman's framework emphasizes the importance of teachers possessing not only content knowledge but also the pedagogical skills and understanding required to effectively teach that content to students.