Hydrolysis reactions is the answer to the question. The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller, individual subunits involves multiple hydrolysis reactions.What is hydrolysis?Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves splitting a molecule by the addition of water. The process of breaking apart a polymer by adding water is known as hydrolysis. Hydrolysis reactions play a critical role in the digestion of macromolecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates.What happens in hydrolysis reactions?Hydrolysis reactions entail the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule using water. The reaction separates a molecule into two components. One molecule gains a hydrogen ion, and the other gains a hydroxide ion. The hydrolysis reaction is the polar opposite of the dehydration synthesis reaction. Water is needed in hydrolysis, whereas it is removed in dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis reactions are typically exothermic and release energy.ADD 150 WORDS:Hydrolysis is a significant mechanism by which cells extract the energy stored in macromolecules. Enzymes facilitate the hydrolysis of molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, in the cell. In general, enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, and hydrolysis is one of the many reactions they can catalyze.The digestive system is an excellent example of hydrolysis. The food that we eat contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are large macromolecules. Ingestion is the first stage in the digestion process, and it involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and transported by the body. Hydrolysis is the critical mechanism in the process, and enzymes catalyze the reactions.