Answer:
Explanation:The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium benzoate and HCl is:
NaC7H5O2 + HCl → C7H5O2H + NaCl
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of sodium benzoate reacts with 1 mole of HCl to produce 1 mole of benzoic acid. The molar mass of sodium benzoate is 144.11 g/mol, and its mass is given as 2.00 g. Using this, we can calculate the number of moles of sodium benzoate:
n(NaC7H5O2) = mass / molar mass = 2.00 g / 144.11 g/mol = 0.0139 mol
Since the concentration of HCl is given as 3 M, the number of moles of HCl present in 5 mL (0.005 L) of solution is:
n(HCl) = concentration × volume = 3 M × 0.005 L = 0.015 mol
Since the reaction proceeds in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, the number of moles of benzoic acid formed is also 0.0139 mol. The molar mass of benzoic acid is 122.12 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of benzoic acid is:
mass of benzoic acid = n(C7H5O2H) × molar mass = 0.0139 mol × 122.12 g/mol = 1.70 g
Therefore, the theoretical yield of benzoic acid is 1.70 g.