The amount of ground offset during surface rupture associated with most medium to large earthquakes can vary widely depending on several factors. These factors include the magnitude of the earthquake, the type of fault involved, and the characteristics of the Earth's crust in the region.
In some cases, surface rupture may be minimal or even absent, especially in earthquakes that occur along faults deep within the Earth's crust. However, in other cases, significant ground displacement can occur along the fault line, resulting in visible surface rupture.
The displacement can range from a few centimeters to several meters or even tens of meters in extreme cases. For example, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake along the San Andreas Fault in California resulted in an offset of several meters in some areas.
It is imperative to note that surface rupture and ground displacement are not uniform along the entire fault line but occur in localized segments. The total length of the rupture zone can vary depending on the specific earthquake.
It is crucial to consult regional geological studies, seismic hazard assessments, and data specific to the location of interest. This is to determine the potential for surface rupture and the expected displacement associated with medium to large earthquakes in a particular area.