Answer:
1. The brown fur rabbits have increased to 80% of the population because they are better camouflaged in the desert than the white fur rabbits. This means that they are less likely to be eaten by predators, and therefore more likely to survive and reproduce. This is an example of natural selection, where the organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.
2. Different species can be distinguished by their DNA by comparing the sequences of their genes. The more different the sequences are, the more different the species are. For example, humans and chimpanzees share about 98% of their DNA, while humans and fruit flies share only about 60% of their DNA.
3. Charles Darwin discovered so many different but related species of finches on the Galapagos Islands because the islands are located in a very isolated part of the world. This isolation allowed the finches to evolve into different species, each adapted to its own specific environment. For example, some finches have long beaks that are good for eating seeds, while other finches have short beaks that are good for eating insects.
4. Fossils show evidence for the process of natural selection because they show how organisms have changed over time. For example, fossils of horses show that horses have gotten larger and faster over time. This is because horses that were larger and faster were more likely to survive and reproduce.
5. Antigenic drift is a process by which viruses change their surface proteins over time. This makes it difficult for the immune system to recognize and fight off the virus. As a result, people can get the flu multiple times, even if they have been vaccinated.
6. The amount of skin pigmentation in a human population is related to how close the population lives to the equator. People who live closer to the equator have more melanin in their skin, which protects them from the sun's harmful UV rays. People who live farther from the equator have less melanin in their skin, which allows their bodies to produce more vitamin D.
7. The peppered moth population in England changed during the 1800s due to the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution caused air pollution, which made the trees in England darker. This made it more difficult for the white peppered moths to camouflage themselves, and they were more likely to be eaten by predators. As a result, the black peppered moths became more common.