Answer: The theory that claims individuals label emotions based on how they are interpreted is D - Schachter's two factor theory.
Explanation: Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion states that our emotions are influenced by both physiological arousal and our interpretation of the situation.
Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion suggests that our emotions are influenced by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
Firstly, when we experience an emotional response, our body undergoes physiological changes, such as increased heart rate or sweating. This physiological arousal is a general response that doesn't specify the exact emotion being felt.
Secondly, the theory emphasizes the importance of cognitive interpretation. Our interpretation of the situation provides the context for understanding our emotions. We rely on our thoughts and appraisal of the situation to label and identify the specific emotion we are experiencing.
For example, if we encounter a thrilling roller coaster ride, our physiological arousal might include a racing heart and butterflies in the stomach. However, our cognitive interpretation of the situation, understanding it as a safe and exciting experience, leads us to label the emotion as excitement or joy.
In summary, Schachter's two-factor theory highlights that emotions arise from the interplay of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. Our interpretation of a situation helps us label the emotion, while the physiological arousal provides the general energy for that emotion.