Answer:
The moon's shadow consists of two parts: the umbra and the penumbra.
1. Umbra: The umbra is the central and darkest part of the moon's shadow. It is the region where the moon completely blocks the direct light from the Sun. Within the umbra, observers on Earth would experience a total solar eclipse if they are positioned within the path of totality. During a total solar eclipse, the sky darkens significantly, and the Sun's corona becomes visible around the edges of the moon. The umbra has a cone-like shape, with its tip touching the surface of the Earth and gradually expanding outward into space.
2. Penumbra: The penumbra is the outer part of the moon's shadow. It surrounds the umbra and is relatively lighter in comparison. It is a region where only a portion of the Sun's light is blocked by the moon, resulting in a partial solar eclipse for observers in this area. Within the penumbra, the Sun is only partially covered, and there is a gradual transition between light and darkness. The penumbra has a larger cone-like shape compared to the umbra, extending beyond the umbra's boundaries.
The combination of the umbra and penumbra creates a shadow that can be observed during solar eclipses. The shape and size of the umbra and penumbra depend on the relative positions and sizes of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. During a total solar eclipse, when the umbra touches the Earth's surface, observers within this narrow path can witness the awe-inspiring phenomenon of the Moon completely blocking the Sun, revealing the Sun's corona and producing a temporary darkness during daytime.