1) To determine the solubility of potassium chloride at different temperatures, we can refer to a solubility curve for potassium chloride. Unfortunately, since the solubility curve is not provided, I cannot give you the exact solubility values at 80°C and 40°C. Solubility is typically given in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent (usually water) at a specific temperature.
2) To calculate the mass of potassium chloride that would crystallize out of solution, we need to determine the difference in solubility between 80°C and 40°C. Let's assume that at 80°C, the solubility of potassium chloride is 50 g/100 g of water, and at 40°C, the solubility is 30 g/100 g of water.
The initial amount of potassium chloride in the solution is 50 g (saturated solution in 100 g of water at 80°C). At 40°C, the solubility decreases to 30 g/100 g of water.
The amount of potassium chloride that crystallizes out can be calculated by subtracting the final solubility from the initial amount:
50 g - 30 g = 20 g
Therefore, 20 grams of potassium chloride would crystallize out of the solution when cooled from 80°C to 40°C.
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