Final answer:
The Egyptian civilization was known for building pyramids and mummifying their rulers as part of their burial traditions to secure the journey of the soul in the afterlife. The construction of the pyramids, especially those at Giza, exemplifies the advanced engineering and organizational abilities of ancient Egyptians.
Step-by-step explanation:
The civilization that is renowned for building pyramids and mummifying their rulers is Egypt. The ancient dynasties of the Egyptian empire, which began around 3100 BCE along the Nile River, are notable for their massive engineering feats. Among the most remarkable and enduring achievements are the pyramids of Giza, constructed between 2600-2400 BCE as funerary monuments for several pharaohs. The Egyptian belief in an afterlife necessitated the mummification of rulers, preserving their bodies for eternity.
During the Old Kingdom, often referred to as the age of the pyramid builders, Egypt saw the construction of these monumental tombs, a practice which lasted through to the Middle Kingdom. However, later periods saw changes in construction techniques and material use, as exemplified by the pyramids of the Twelfth Dynasty rulers, which had a mud brick core.
Egypt's long history of pharaohs saw the development of elaborate tombs and advanced forms of art and hieroglyphs that adorned the tombs' walls, all designed to secure the pharaohs' journey in the afterlife. The construction and organizational skills required for these massive undertakings highlight the advanced civilization of ancient Egypt.