Answer:
1: Adaptation to high altitude: The Andean people have developed physiological adaptations to cope with the effects of living at high altitudes. One significant adaptation is the increased production of red blood cells, which helps carry oxygen more efficiently in their blood. This adaptation enables them to function better in the low oxygen levels found at high altitudes. Additionally, people in the Andes have developed traditional farming techniques that take advantage of the altitude. They cultivate crops such as potatoes and quinoa, which are well-suited to the cool temperatures and shorter growing seasons found at higher elevations.
2: Terrace farming: The rugged terrain of the Andes presents another challenge for agriculture. The steep slopes make it difficult to cultivate crops using conventional farming methods. To overcome this, people in the Andes have employed terrace farming techniques for centuries. They have created flat, horizontal platforms on the slopes of mountains by constructing stone walls. These terraces prevent soil erosion and retain water, making it possible to grow crops in areas that would otherwise be unsuitable for agriculture. Terrace farming not only maximizes the use of available land but also helps to optimize water resources by capturing rainfall and preventing runoff.
Step-by-step explanation:
By adapting to the high altitude and implementing innovative agricultural techniques like terrace farming, the people in the Andes have been able to overcome the geographical challenges and sustain their livelihoods in this unique and challenging environment.