Question

1. How is the preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs different from the preterite of -er and -ar stem-changing verbs?

2. how does spanish often express the idea of "to get" or "to become"?​

Answer 1

"Volverse" "Ponerse"

Step-by-step explanation:

The preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs is different from the preterite of -er and -ar stem-changing verbs in terms of the specific stem-changing patterns. While -ar and -er stem-changing verbs typically undergo stem changes in the present tense, in the preterite tense, they follow regular conjugation patterns. On the other hand, -ir stem-changing verbs undergo stem changes in the preterite tense as well. The stem change in -ir stem-changing verbs occurs in the third person singular (él/ella/usted) and the third person plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) forms. The stem change usually involves a change from e to i or o to u.

For example:

Preterite of regular -ar verb "hablar" (to speak):

Yo hablé (I spoke)

Tú hablaste (You spoke)

Él/Ella/Usted habló (He/She/You formal spoke)

Nosotros/Nosotras hablamos (We spoke)

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hablaron (They/You all spoke)

Preterite of regular -er verb "comer" (to eat):

Yo comí (I ate)

Tú comiste (You ate)

Él/Ella/Usted comió (He/She/You formal ate)

Nosotros/Nosotras comimos (We ate)

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes comieron (They/You all ate)

Preterite of -ir stem-changing verb "dormir" (to sleep):

Yo dormí (I slept)

Tú dormiste (You slept)

Él/Ella/Usted durmió (He/She/You formal slept)

Nosotros/Nosotras dormimos (We slept)

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes durmieron (They/You all slept)

In Spanish, the idea of "to get" or "to become" is often expressed using the verb "ponerse" or "volverse." Both verbs convey a change in state or condition.

"Ponerse" is used to express a temporary or sudden change in condition or emotion. It is often followed by an adjective describing the new state.

Example:

Ella se pone feliz. (She becomes happy.)

"Volverse" is used to express a more permanent or gradual change in condition or personality. It is often followed by an adjective or noun.

Example:

Él se vuelve famoso. (He becomes famous.)

These verbs are just two of the ways Spanish expresses the idea of "to get" or "to become." Other verbs and phrases may also be used depending on the specific context and meaning intended.

Answer 2

1. The preterite of -ir stem-changing verbs are different from the preterite of -er and -ar stem-changing verbs in that the stem change only occurs in the third person singular and plural forms. For example, the verb "dormir" (to sleep) changes from "dorm-" to "durm-" in the third person singular and plural forms:

• Yo dormí. (I slept.)
• Tú dormiste. (You slept.)
• Él/Ella/Usted durmió. (He/She/You slept.)
• Nosotros dormimos. (We slept.)
• Vosotros dormisteis. (You (informal, Spain) slept.)
• Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes durmieron. (They/You slept.)

In contrast, the verbs "comer" (to eat) and "escribir" (to write) do not change their stems in the third person singular and plural forms:

• Yo comí. (I ate.)
• Tú comiste. (You ate.)
• Él/Ella/Usted comió. (He/She/You ate.)
• Nosotros comimos. (We ate.)
• Vosotros comisteis. (You (informal, Spain) ate.)
• Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes comieron. (They/You ate.)

2.

Spanish often expresses the idea of "to get" or "to become" with the verb "ponerse." For example, "ponerse cansado" means "to get tired," "ponerse triste" means "to become sad," and "ponerse rojo" means "to turn red."

Here are some other examples of how the verb "ponerse" can be used to express the idea of "to get" or "to become":

• ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
• Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú? (I'm fine, thanks. And you?)
• Estoy un poco cansado. (I'm a little tired.)
• ¿Por qué estás tan triste? (Why are you so sad?)
• Estoy triste porque mi perro murió. (I'm sad because my dog died.)
• ¡Me puse rojo de vergüenza! (I turned red with embarrassment!)

The verb "ponerse" can also be used to express the idea of "to put on" or "to wear." For example, "ponerse el abrigo" means "to put on the coat" and "ponerse los zapatos" means "to put on the shoes."