Question

How does the author use paragraph 10 to refine her ideas?

A.
B.
C.
D.
It shows that part of what forms the relationship between popularity and bullying is the students
who witness bullying and do not stop it.
It emphasizes the issue with "gender bridge" kids and what underlies these students' increased
aggression.
It demonstrates that increased aggression does not actually lead to a rise in status in the social
hierarchy.
It undermines the idea that any student can bully because the majority of kids are witnesses to
bullying.

Answer 1

Paragraph 10 refines ideas by explaining the role of bystanders in the relationship between popularity and bullying, and how their inaction contributes to the cycle of aggression.

Step-by-step explanation:

The author uses paragraph 10 to refine her ideas by highlighting how bystanders, or witnesses, contribute to the relationship between popularity and bullying. By not intervening when bullying occurs, these students create an environment that enables the bully and perpetuates the cycle of aggression. The paragraph deepens the understanding of the social dynamics at play in bullying scenarios and emphasizes the significant role that witnesses have in either exacerbating or helping to mitigate bullying behaviors. This perspective challenges the common assumption that bullying is a simple interaction between the bully and the victim, by illustrating the complex social situation that includes bystanders' behavior and decision-making influenced by the bystander effect.