Answer:
a. is an example of ii) osmosis.
b. is an example of i) diffusion
c. is an example of i) diffusion.
d. This is an example of i) diffusion
Step-by-step explanation:
a. This is an example of ii) osmosis. Water moves from a dilute solution (low solute concentration) in the soil into the cells in a plant's roots (higher solute concentration) through osmosis. The movement of water occurs across a semipermeable membrane, which allows water molecules to pass while restricting the passage of solutes.
b. This is an example of i) diffusion. Saliva flowing out of the salivary glands into the mouth involves the movement of solutes (salivary components) from an area of higher concentration (glands) to an area of lower concentration (mouth). This movement occurs due to diffusion, which is the natural tendency of particles to spread out and reach equilibrium.
c. This is an example of i) diffusion. The blue ink dropped into a glass of still water disperses throughout the water, coloring it blue. This dispersion occurs due to the random movement of ink particles, spreading from an area of higher concentration (spot of ink) to an area of lower concentration (water). It is an example of diffusion.
d. This is an example of i) diffusion. Carbon dioxide diffuses into a plant's leaves during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide molecules move from an area of higher concentration (surrounding air or atmosphere) to an area of lower concentration (inside the leaf) through diffusion. The process of diffusion allows the plant to obtain the necessary carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.