Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, causing them to become sickle-shaped and less able to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. This condition is more prevalent in tropical regions where malaria is common, because the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell anemia also provides some resistance to malaria.
If anti-malaria drugs and preventative measures become more widespread in tropical regions, it is likely that the incidence of sickle cell anemia would decrease. This is because the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell anemia is associated with a higher risk of malaria, and in areas where malaria is less common, there may be less selective pressure for the sickle cell trait to be maintained in the population.
However, it is important to note that sickle cell anemia is a complex genetic disorder that is influenced by many factors, including other genetic factors and environmental factors. Therefore, it is difficult to predict exactly how the occurrence of sickle cell anemia would change if anti-malaria drugs and preventative measures become more widespread in tropical regions. It is also important to note that sickle cell anemia is a serious medical condition that requires ongoing medical management, regardless of the incidence rate in a given population.