Answer:
To prevent atelectasis in a client with postoperative pain from abdominal surgery, the nurse should include the following intervention in the plan of care:
Deep breathing and coughing exercises: Encourage the client to perform deep breathing exercises and coughing to promote lung expansion and prevent the collapse of alveoli. Instruct the client to take slow, deep breaths and then cough to clear the airways.
Incentive spirometry: Teach the client how to use an incentive spirometer, which is a device that helps improve lung function and prevent atelectasis. Instruct the client to take slow, deep breaths through the spirometer to achieve sustained maximal inspiration.
Early ambulation: Encourage the client to get out of bed and ambulate as soon as possible after surgery. Walking and moving around can help improve lung function and prevent complications such as atelectasis.
Pain management: Adequate pain control is important to encourage deep breathing and prevent shallow breathing due to discomfort. Administer prescribed pain medications as scheduled or as needed to ensure the client can take deep breaths without excessive pain.
Positioning: Assist the client in finding a comfortable position that promotes lung expansion. Encourage the client to sit up in bed, use pillows for support, or adopt a semi-Fowler's position to facilitate optimal lung ventilation.
Hydration: Ensure the client is adequately hydrated to keep the secretions in the airways thin and easy to expectorate. Encourage the client to drink fluids unless contraindicated.
It's important for the nurse to individualize the plan of care based on the client's specific condition, surgical procedure, and healthcare provider's orders. Regular assessment and communication with the client are essential to identify any signs of respiratory compromise or atelectasis and make necessary adjustments to the care plan.
Step-by-step explanation: