Answer:
1. The meaning of the word “turmoil” as it was used in the passage is “a. mayhem.”
2. After reading the article, an assumption that can be made about the role that Giuliani played during the time following the attacks on New York is that “c. He was helpful, supportive, and encouraging.”
3. A fact from the passage that indicates that many people must have liked Giuliani as mayor of New York City is that “d. He was elected to serve two terms as mayor.”