Answer:
(a) A clean water supply is crucial in controlling the spread of disease because many diseases are waterborne. Contaminated water can contain bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause illnesses like diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A. By ensuring a clean water supply, the risk of waterborne diseases can be significantly reduced.
(b) Hygienic food preparation helps prevent the transmission of diseases through food. Improper handling, storage, or preparation of food can lead to contamination with bacteria (e.g., Salmonella and E. coli) and viruses (e.g., norovirus and hepatitis. Hygienic practices, such as proper handwashing, thorough cooking, safe storage temperatures, and avoiding cross-contamination, minimize the risk of foodborne diseases.
(c) Good personal hygiene also helps in controlling the spread of disease.Many infectious diseases are transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, respiratory droplets, or person-to-person contact. However, practicing good personal hygiene habits can greatly reduce the transmission of infectious diseases like colds, flu, and respiratory infections.Typical habits include regular handwashing with soap and water, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and proper disposal of tissues or other personal items
(d) Waste disposal helps maintain a clean and healthy environment. Improper waste management can lead to the accumulation of garbage and breeding grounds for disease-carrying vectors like rats, flies, and mosquitoes. These vectors can spread diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and various gastrointestinal illnesses. Effective waste disposal methods help eliminate potential breeding sites for disease vectors and reduce environmental contamination. Common disposal habits include proper collection, containment, and disposal of solid waste,
(e) Sewage treatment prevents the transmission of waterborne diseases and maintaining public health. Improperly treated or untreated sewage can contaminate water sources, leading to the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and hepatitis A. Proper sewage treatment helps safeguard water sources, minimize the risk of waterborne diseases, and protect the overall health and well-being of communities.
Step-by-step explanation: