The Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is used for routine screening of cervical cancer. This test is named after its inventor, George Papanicolaou, and involves collecting and examining cells from the cervix to detect any abnormal changes. The Pap smear is a simple and relatively painless procedure that can be done during a regular gynecological exam. It is recommended that women begin getting regular Pap smears starting at age 21 and continue until age 65. Regular Pap smears can help detect cervical cancer early, when it is most treatable.