A. Chromosomes are the thick rod-like structures that chromatin condenses into during cell division. Chromosomes are made up of condensed chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and proteins. They are visible under a microscope as distinct structures that are arranged in pairs. Chromosomes are responsible for carrying the genetic information of an organism from one generation to the next. They are replicated during cell division, and each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Chromosomes can be further classified based on their size, shape, and other structural features.