The correct sequence of processes in the rock cycle to create an igneous rock, transform it into a metamorphic rock, and then transform that metamorphic rock into a new igneous rock is as follows:
1. Melted and solidified: The first step involves the formation of an igneous rock. This occurs when molten rock, or magma, cools and solidifies either beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive igneous rock) or on the surface (extrusive igneous rock). The cooling process allows the molten rock to harden and form solid igneous rocks.
2. Buried deeply: After the igneous rock forms, it may undergo the next step in the rock cycle, which involves being buried deeply. Over time, geological forces such as tectonic plate movement or sediment deposition can bury the rock deep within the Earth's crust.
3. Remelted and solidified: As the buried rock experiences increased temperature and pressure deep within the Earth's crust, it undergoes metamorphism, the process of transformation into a metamorphic rock. The intense heat and pressure cause changes in the mineral composition, texture, and structure of the rock. The original igneous rock is transformed into a new rock with different characteristics.
4. Weathered, exposed, and eroded: Over a long period, geological processes like weathering, erosion, and uplift may expose the metamorphic rock at the Earth's surface. Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments by physical, chemical, or biological means. Erosion involves the transportation of these weathered materials by water, wind, or ice. The exposed metamorphic rock can then undergo further changes.
5. Melted and solidified (new igneous rock formation): The exposed and eroded metamorphic rock can undergo the final step in the sequence. If the conditions are right, such as when it encounters a new igneous intrusion or undergoes melting due to increased heat, the metamorphic rock can be remelted and solidified once again. This leads to the formation of a new igneous rock, restarting the cycle.
It's important to note that the rock cycle is a continuous and dynamic process, and not all rocks will go through each step. Additionally, there can be variations and alternative pathways in the rock cycle depending on specific geological conditions and interactions.