Final answer:
The authoritative parenting style is the most effective for fostering psychological autonomy in adolescents, as it combines reasonable expectations with warmth, flexibility, and open communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Of the four parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind - authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved - the authoritative parenting style is most likely to promote psychological autonomy in adolescents. This style fosters open communication, nurtures warmth and affection, and encourages the development of self-discipline and social competence. Authoritative parents set reasonable expectations and consistent limits, while also demonstrating flexibility, such as allowing a later bedtime during a family vacation if appropriate.
Contrastingly, authoritarian parenting, with its strict enforcement of rules and lack of warmth, can lead to children who are anxious and withdrawn. The permissive style often results in a lack of self-discipline and can lead to risky behaviors, although there can be positive outcomes like higher self-esteem. The uninvolved style, often characterized by indifference, can lead to emotional withdrawal and substance abuse in children.