To solve the dilution problem, we can use the formula:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Where:
C₁ is the initial concentration,
V₁ is the initial volume,
C₂ is the final concentration, and
V₂ is the final volume.
Given:
C₁ = 12 M (concentration of the concentrated HCl),
V₂ = 500 mL (final desired volume),
C₂ = 2.0 M (final desired concentration).
Let's solve for V₁:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
(12 M)(V₁) = (2.0 M)(500 mL)
Cross multiplying:
12V₁ = 2.0 × 500
12V₁ = 1000
V₁ = 1000 / 12
V₁ ≈ 83.33 mL
Therefore, the chemist should measure out approximately 83.33 mL of concentrated 12 M HCl to produce 500 mL of 2.0 M HCl.
