Final answer:
Black Power and Black Pride were movements that led African Americans to create their own institutions, celebrate their heritage, and promote self-sufficiency during the 1960s and 1970s. Despite progress, these movements faced internal gender issues and external challenges of persistent economic inequalities. Leaders like Malcolm X and the Black Panthers were vocal about the systemic racial issues that persisted even after legislative civil rights successes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of Black Power represents a political ideology which encouraged African Americans to establish their own institutions and develop their own economic resources independent of white people. Related to this was the Black Pride movement, urging African Americans to take pride in their African heritage and promote group solidarity by adopting African and African-inspired cultural practices. Significant activism during the 1960s and 1970s, including the philosophies of Black Power and Black Nationalism, contributed to a powerful sense of Black consciousness and a reclamation of 'black' as beautiful, moving away from its historical association with evil and ugliness.
The era witnessed both cultural and economic movements toward self-determination, but also faced challenges such as gender issues within the movement and external racial and economic inequities. The Black Panthers and leaders like Malcolm X highlighted the persistence of systemic inequality, even after legislative civil rights victories. Activism took many forms, from promoting Black capitalism and political power to embracing soul style and college students adopting new attitudes towards their identity and community.