The Black Consciousness Movement was a political and social movement in South Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. The main principles of the movement were:
1. Black pride: The movement aimed to instill a sense of pride and self-esteem in black people, who had been oppressed and marginalized by the apartheid system.
2. Black unity: The movement aimed to unite black people across ethnic and cultural lines, recognizing that they shared a common struggle against oppression.
3. Black self-reliance: The movement encouraged black people to take control of their own lives and communities, rather than relying on the white-dominated government and economy.
4. Black culture: The movement celebrated black culture and history, recognizing the importance of cultural identity in the struggle for liberation.
5. Black consciousness: The movement emphasized the importance of a psychological transformation among black people, encouraging them to reject the racist messages they had internalized and to embrace a new, positive sense of self.
These principles were articulated by the movement's founder, Steve Biko, who argued that true liberation could only be achieved through a radical transformation of black consciousness.