Answer:
History
Step-by-step explanation:
Apartheid was a policy of racial segregation and discrimination that was implemented in South Africa by the National Party government in 1948. The goal of apartheid was to create separate societies for different racial and ethnic groups in South Africa, with white South Africans holding political and economic power and other racial groups relegated to subordinate roles.
The implementation of apartheid involved a range of measures, including:
1. Population registration: All South Africans were classified into four racial categories - white, black, colored (mixed race), and Indian. This classification was based on physical appearance, ancestry, and social acceptance, and was used to determine a person's legal rights and privileges.
2. Group Areas Act: This law enforced the physical separation of different racial groups by requiring them to live in separate areas. Black South Africans were forced to live in townships and rural areas, while white South Africans lived in cities and suburbs.
3. Pass laws: These laws required black South Africans to carry identification documents (known as passes) at all times, which restricted their freedom of movement and made it difficult for them to travel outside of their designated areas.
4. Education and employment discrimination: Black South Africans were denied access to quality education and were restricted from many types of employment, which limited their opportunities and perpetuated economic inequality.
5. Political disenfranchisement: Black South Africans were denied the right to vote and were excluded from participation in government and political decision-making.
The implementation of apartheid was marked by widespread resistance and protests from black South Africans, as well as international condemnation and sanctions. Over time, opposition to apartheid grew stronger and more organized, leading to the eventual dismantling of the policy in the early 1990s. Today, apartheid is widely regarded as a dark chapter in South Africa's history, and efforts are ongoing to address the lasting impacts of the policy on South African society.