d) the more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.
In a transfer of an electron from a less electronegative atom to a more electronegative atom, the more electronegative atom gains an electron and is reduced. At the same time, the less electronegative atom loses an electron and is oxidized. This transfer of electrons is known as an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.
During the process, energy is typically released. This energy can be in the form of heat, light, or other forms of energy depending on the specific reaction. The release of energy is due to the change in the electron configuration and the stabilization of the resulting ions or molecules.