Explanation:
1) Cotangent is cosine over sine.
From unit circle, cos 30° = ½√3 and sin 30° = ½
cot 30° = cos 30° / sin 30°
cot 30° = (½√3) / ½
cot 30° = √3
2) Cosecant is the inverse of sine.
From unit circle, sin π/4 = 1/√2
csc π/4 = 1 / sin π/4
csc π/4 = 1 / (1/√2)
csc π/4 = √2