The statement that best describes how European labor systems before 1450 was D. European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom
What was serfdom ?
In European feudal systems before 1450, serfdom was a common labor arrangement. Serfs were essentially tied to the land they worked on and were bound to serve the local lord.
They were not slaves but had limited freedom and were obligated to provide labor and a portion of their produce to the landowner. This system of serfdom was a significant characteristic of European medieval labor systems.
Chinese labor systems in ancient and medieval periods often had variations like tenant farming, laborers, and family-based agricultural work, but serfdom, as it was known in Europe, was not the dominant labor arrangement in traditional China.