True. A person with dark skin has a greater production of melanin than someone with fair skin. Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the skin. It is responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. The amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes determine an individual's skin color.
People with darker skin have higher levels of melanin production compared to those with fair skin. Melanin acts as a natural sunscreen, protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It absorbs and scatters UV radiation, reducing its penetration into the deeper layers of the skin.
The greater production of melanin in darker skin provides increased protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation, including sunburn, DNA damage, and an increased risk of skin cancer. This adaptation is an evolutionary response to higher levels of sunlight exposure in regions closer to the equator.
In contrast, individuals with fair skin have lower levels of melanin production. This makes them more susceptible to the harmful effects of UV radiation and increases their risk of sunburn and skin damage. Fair-skinned individuals often require additional sun protection measures, such as sunscreen and protective clothing, when exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods.
It's important to note that the production of melanin is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals can have variations in melanin production within the same racial or ethnic group, leading to a range of skin tones.