Answer: The primary geographic factors at the root of the dispute between China and India over portions of the Kashmir region are the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and the boundaries of the Aksai Chin.
Explanation: The LAC is a demarcation line between the Indian and Chinese-controlled portions of Kashmir and Aksai Chin is an area controlled by China but claimed by India. Both sides have been locked in a dispute over the region since the late 1950s. India claims that the LAC should be used to mark the border between the two countries, while China argues that the LAC should be used to mark the border between the Indian- and Chinese-controlled parts of Kashmir. Both countries have made claims to the region, resulting in a long-standing territorial dispute.