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Studies in which Inhelder and Piaget's classic tasks are administered to people of a variety of ages and backgrounds indicate that formal operational reasoning is found consistently across several of the classic tasks after age 15-16 (10th grade) is found among the majority of adults but not teenagers is found mainly in areas where a person has developed considerable expertise is found only among highly trained scientists and philosophers

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Studies in which Inhelder and Piaget's classic tasks are administered to people of a variety of ages and backgrounds indicate that formal operational reasoning is found consistently across several of the classic tasks after age 15-16 (10th grade). So, the first option is correct.
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