The scientific discoveries and technological innovations of the light bulb, telephone, Bessemer process, and railroads had a significant impact on American life at the time. The light bulb allowed people to work and socialize after dark, which increased productivity and leisure time. The telephone revolutionized communication, allowing people to talk to each other over long distances. The Bessemer process made steel production more efficient and affordable, which led to the growth of the construction industry. Railroads made transportation faster and more affordable, which allowed people to travel and goods to be transported across the country. These innovations contributed to the rise of urbanization and industrialization, and transformed American society and economy.