Let's assume Michael earned $100.
Albert earned 20% less than Michael, which is $80.
Peter earned 40% more than Albert, which is $80 + 0.4($80) = $112.
So, Peter earned $112 - $100 = $12 more than Michael.
Therefore, the percentage that Peter earned more than Michael is (12/100) x 100% = 12%.
The answer is c. 12%.