The correct answer is D. If Claudia had repeated this process more times, the average number of pennies landing heads up would be closer to 100.
Here's why:
The average number of pennies landing heads up on each try was 84. This means that out of the 200 pennies in Claudia's collection, on average, 84 of them landed heads up on each try.
The theoretical probability of a penny landing heads up is 1/2. This is because there are two possible outcomes when a coin is flipped - it can either land heads up or tails up - and assuming the coin is fair, each outcome is equally likely.
Each penny does not necessarily have a greater probability of landing heads up than tails up. The probability of a penny landing heads up is 1/2, and the probability of it landing tails up is also 1/2. While it is possible that some pennies in Claudia's collection are biased and more likely to land heads up or tails up, we cannot conclude this based on the information given.
If Claudia had repeated this process fewer times, the average number of pennies landing heads up would not necessarily be closer to 100. In fact, the average would be expected to be more variable with fewer trials, and the actual number of pennies landing heads up could be higher or lower than 84 on each try.
If Claudia had repeated this process more times, the average number of pennies landing heads up would be expected to be closer to 100. This is because the law of large numbers states that as the number of trials increases, the actual results will converge to the theoretical probability. In this case, the theoretical probability of a penny landing heads up is 1/2, which means that as Claudia performs more trials, the actual number of pennies landing heads up will approach 100.