Answer and Explanation:
Black communities established a place of security, understanding and support for their members. This is because racist society used to be very violent, reinforcing the idea that blacks were not welcome and should exist. The policy established, mainly by Jim Crow, reinforced these ideas as it supported racist situations in the country.
This caused an environment of instability, where blacks were unable to live as ordinary individuals. In this sense, black communities and families were essential for blacks not only to resist attacks, but also to claim their rights. This is because black communities were formed by people who understood racism and who supported each other against it, offering a safe, peaceful environment and where blacks had the opportunity to speak and position themselves, being supported by all their companions.