Question

3. Mary Allyson, age 48, is concerned about her risk for osteoporosis. What can Bill tell Mary about the etiology of the condition and common risk factors for the development of osteoporosis? Can she do anything to prevent the decrease in bone density? What tests are done to diagnosis osteoporosis? Describe methods for preventing and treat- ing osteoporosis.​

Answer 1

Osteoporosis is a condition that affects bone density, causing bones to become weak and fragile. Bill can tell Mary that osteoporosis is a multifactorial condition, meaning that there are multiple factors that can contribute to its development. Some of the common risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include:

1. Age: The risk of osteoporosis increases with age, particularly in women.
2. Gender: Women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men, partly due to lower bone density and the hormonal changes that occur after menopause.
3. Family history: Osteoporosis tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component.
4. Lifestyle factors: Certain lifestyle factors, such as a diet low in calcium and vitamin D, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, can contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

Bill can also reassure Mary that there are steps she can take to help prevent a decrease in bone density and reduce her risk of developing osteoporosis. These include:

1. Lifestyle changes: As mentioned above, lifestyle changes such as exercise and dietary changes can help prevent osteoporosis.
2. Medications: Medications such as bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, and denosumab can help prevent further bone loss and even increase bone density.
3. Fall prevention: Preventing falls can help reduce the risk of fractures, particularly in older adults. This may involve making changes to the home environment, wearing appropriate footwear, and engaging in balance exercises.
4. Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair fractures or to stabilize the spine.