The type of study described in the question is a cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional studies are studies that collect data at a single point in time and focus on behavior or responses at that specific moment. These types of studies are often used to gather information about the prevalence or distribution of a particular trait or behavior in a population. They are generally less expensive and time-consuming than longitudinal studies, which collect data over a longer period of time and are used to track changes in behavior or responses over time.