The main American foreign policy challenges (goals) are:
National security: Ensuring the safety and protection of the United States and its citizens from external threats, such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and cyber attacks.
Economic prosperity: Promoting American economic interests and ensuring access to international markets for American businesses and industries.
Human rights and democracy: Promoting democratic values and human rights around the world.
Regional stability: Promoting stability and security in regions of strategic importance to the United States, such as the Middle East and East Asia.
The instruments (tools) used for implementing foreign and defense policy include:
Diplomacy: Negotiating with foreign governments and international organizations to achieve U.S. foreign policy goals.
Military force: Using military force to protect U.S. national security interests and promote regional stability.
Economic sanctions: Imposing economic sanctions on countries that pose a threat to U.S. national security or violate international norms and standards.
Foreign aid: Providing financial and technical assistance to countries to promote economic development, democracy, and human rights.
International treaties and agreements: Entering into treaties and agreements with other countries to promote peace, security, and cooperation in areas such as arms control and trade.
Intelligence gathering and analysis: Collecting and analyzing intelligence to inform foreign policy decision-making and protect U.S. national security interests.