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What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?

What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?-example-1

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The formal charges of the atoms shown in red in the image are both 0.

Formal charge is a bookkeeping device that chemists use to represent the distribution of electrons in a molecule. It is calculated by subtracting the number of valence electrons that an atom has in isolation from the number of electrons that it has in the molecule. The formal charge of an atom can be positive, negative, or zero.

formal charge of oxygen atom = 6 valence electrons - 8 electrons in the molecule

formal charge of oxygen atom = 0

Therefore, the formal charges of the atoms shown in red in the image are both 0.

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