Final answer:
True and false: The elements of bullying do include harm and an unfair match but extend beyond name-calling to include a variety of abusive behaviors like verbal taunting, social exclusion, and in the case of cyberbullying, online harassment and threats. Bullying encompasses a range of physical, emotional, and psychological harms, not limited to name-calling.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the three elements of bullying are harm, unfair match, and name-calling is partially true but incomplete. Bullying indeed involves harm, which can be emotional harm, physical harm, or psychological harm. An unfair match, reflecting an imbalance of power, is also a core element of bullying, typified by the bully wielding more social, physical, or emotional power than the victim. However, bullying encompasses not only name-calling but a broader range of behaviors including social exclusion, verbal teasing, and in the context of cyberbullying, activities like sending threatening texts, posting embarrassing images, or harassment in digital forums.
While name-calling can certainly be a part of bullying, especially in cyberbullying scenarios, it is not the only form of verbal abuse associated with bullying. Instead, name-calling is one type of verbal taunting that may occur. Other aspects that are commonly seen in bullying scenarios include a repeated pattern of behavior and an environment where bystanders or witnesses may contribute to the situation, either through their presence or indirect participation.
Therefore, while the proposed elements are associated with bullying, they do not comprehensively define the depth and breadth of bullying behavior, which can also manifest in non-verbal forms and involve various types of abuse, including social isolation and online harassment in the case of cyberbullying.