Question

What are the four modern-day phyla of gymnosperms?

Answer 1

The four modern-day phyla of gymnosperms are:

Coniferophyta (conifers): This is the largest and most diverse phylum of gymnosperms, with over 600 species. Conifers are typically evergreen trees or shrubs with needle-like or scale-like leaves and cones that contain the seeds.
Cycadophyta (cycads): This phylum includes about 300 species of palm-like trees and shrubs with large, compound leaves and cones that are often brightly colored.
Ginkgophyta (ginkgos): This is a small phylum with only one living species, Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgos are deciduous trees with fan-shaped leaves and fleshy seeds.
Gnetophyta (gnetae): This is a diverse group of around 70 species of shrubs, trees, and vines. Gnetophytes have a range of leaf types and growth forms and can be found in both tropical and temperate regions. Some examples include Ephedra and Welwitschia.
All gymnosperms share the characteristic of producing seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit. They are an important group of plants because they can survive in harsh conditions and are often used for lumber, paper, and as ornamental plants.

Answer 2

Gymnosperms consist of four main phyla: the Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta and Gnetophyta.

Conifers are the dominant plant of the gymnosperms, having needle-like leaves and living in areas where the weather is cold and dry.

Cycads live in warm climates, have large, compound leaves, and are unusual in that they are pollinated by beetles rather than wind.

Gingko biloba is the only remaining species of the Gingkophyta and is usually resistant to pollution.

Gnetophytes are the gymnosperms believed to be most closely related to the angiosperms because of the presence of vessel elements within their stems.