The correct answer is option 2: She provides a reference to the events that were critical in the shaping of her self-identity.
Hurston's purpose in using the allusion to the Reconstruction Period is to highlight the historical context of her experiences and to show how her identity as a black woman in America is shaped by the legacy of slavery and racial discrimination. By referring to this period, she also emphasizes the ongoing struggle for equality and justice in American society. Therefore, option 2 is the most accurate answer.