Question

What is the main concept in intersectionality theory which is involved with interpersonal encounters

where the collision (of identity) might take place?

A. interstitiality
B. stewardship
C. tolerance quotient
D. standing

2. What has consistently explained more variance than any other variable in criminology?
A. biological sex
B. gender
C. race
D. social class

3. In masculinity theory and elsewhere, the toxic quest for power, male domination, and unearned
privilege all have what major concept in common?
A. anomie
B. hegemony
C. symbolism
D. transhumanism

4. How do appreciative and narrative criminology see that narratives motivate criminal behavior?
A. by the rhyme and reason of stories
B. thru the social construction of mediated symbols
C. by setting the parameters of socially acceptable behavior
D. thru the phenomology of self aspects of social discourse

Answer 1

1. A. interstitiality
The concept of interstitiality in intersectionality theory refers to the spaces between social categories where individuals may experience multiple forms of oppression or privilege. Interpersonal encounters in these spaces can lead to collisions of identity and experiences of discrimination or marginalization.

2. D. social class
Social class has consistently explained more variance in criminology than any other variable, including biological sex, gender, and race. This is because social class is strongly linked to access to resources, opportunities, and power, which in turn are related to criminal behavior.

3. B. hegemony
Toxic masculinity is often linked to the concept of hegemonic masculinity, which refers to the dominant form of masculinity in a particular culture or society. This form of masculinity often involves the quest for power, domination, and privilege over others, and can contribute to violence and aggression.

4. A. by the rhyme and reason of stories
Appreciative and narrative criminology see narratives as motivating criminal behavior by providing individuals with a sense of meaning and purpose, as well as a way to make sense of their experiences. Narratives can also shape individuals' perceptions of themselves and their place in society, which can influence their behavior.

Answer 2

1 ) D. Standing.

2 ) D. Social class.

3 ) B. Hegemony.

4 ) D. Through the phenomology of self aspects of social discourse.

Step-by-step explanation:

1 ) Standing refers to an individual's social position or status in society, which is shaped by the intersection of various social identities, such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and ability. When individuals from different social groups with different levels of standing interact, there is potential for power imbalances, discrimination, and oppression. Intersectionality theory emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing these power dynamics in order to achieve social justice and equality.

2 ) The variable that has consistently explained more variance than any other variable in criminology is social class. Research has consistently shown that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to engage in criminal behavior compared to those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.

3) Hegemony refers to the dominant or ruling ideology or cultural practices that are accepted as the norm and therefore wield power and control over the subaltern or subordinate groups in society. In the context of masculinity, the dominant form of masculinity, which values traits such as dominance, aggression, and control, is seen as the norm, and alternative forms of masculinity or femininity are marginalized or stigmatized. This dominant form of masculinity reinforces and perpetuates patriarchal power structures, including the subordination of women and other marginalized groups.

4) Individuals construct their understanding of the world and their place in it through their personal experiences and the stories they tell themselves about those experiences. Criminal behavior can be seen as a response to the stories that individuals tell themselves about their lives, including their sense of identity, agency, and purpose.