The rise of Naz1 Germany and the outbreak of World War II drove many major refugee artists to the United States, thereby moving the center of the art world to New York. Many artists, writers, and intellectuals fled Europe during this time, seeking refuge in the United States, and New York became a hub for these exiles. This influx of European artists had a significant impact on the American art scene, introducing new styles and perspectives that helped to shape the direction of modern art in the United States. Some of the most notable artists to come to the United States during this time include Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, and Piet Mondrian.